city in northern Bavaria, from German Nürnberg, Medieval Latin Norinberga. Second element is Berg "mountain," first element of unknown origin. Associated with the Nazis and site of mass party rallies every September during the Third Reich. The Nuremberg Laws (1935) barred Jews from German citizenship and forbid intermarriage with Aryans. The Nuremberg trials for war crimes and crimes against humanity were held 1945-6.