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jackpot (n.)[jackpot 词源字典]: also jack-pot, "big prize," 1944, from slot machine sense (1932), from obsolete poker sense (1881) of antes that begin when no player has a pair of jacks or better; from jack (n.) in the card-playing sense + pot (n.1). Earlier, in criminal slang, it meant "trouble," especially "an arrest" (1902).
The regular Draw-Poker game is usually varied by occasional Jack-Pots, which are played once in so many deals, or when all have refused to play, or when the player deals who holds the buck, a marker placed in the pool with every jack-pot. In a jack-pot each player puts up an equal stake and receives a hand. The pot must then be opened by a player holding a hand of the value of a pair of knaves (jacks) or better. If no player holds so valuable a hand the deal passes and each player adds a small sum to the pot or pool. When the pot is opened the opener does so by putting up any sum he chooses, within the limit, and his companions must pay in the same amount or "drop." They also possess the right to raise the opener. The new cards called for are then dealt and the opener starts the betting, the play proceeding as in the regular game. ["Encyclopaedia Britannica," 11th ed., 1911, "Poker." The article notes "Jack-Pots were introduced about 1870."]
[jackpot etymology, jackpot origin, 英语词源]
jackrabbit (n.): 1863, American English, shortening of jackass-rabbit (1851), so called for its long ears. Proverbial for bursts of speed (up to 45 mph).
Jacksonian: 1824, of or in the character of U.S. politician Andrew Jackson (1767-1845). The surname is recorded from early 14c., literally "son of a man named Jack."
Jacob: masc. proper name, name of Old Testament patriarch, son of Isaac and Rebecca and father of the founders of the twelve tribes, from Late Latin Iacobus, from Greek Iakobos, from Hebrew Ya'aqobh, literally "one that takes by the heel" (Gen. xxviii:12), a derivative of 'aqebh "heel." The most popular name for boys born in the U.S. from 1999 through 2008. Jacob's ladder, in various transferred uses from 1733, is from Gen. xxviii:12.
Jacobean: 1770, literally "of James" (king or apostle), later especially "of the literary and architectural style of the time of James I" (1844). See James.
Jacobin: early 14c., in reference to an order of Dominican friars, from Old French Jacobin (13c.) "Dominican friar" (also, in the Middle East, "a Copt"); so called because the order built its first convent near the church of Saint-Jacques in Paris (the masc. proper name Jacques is from Late Latin Iacobus; see Jacob). The Revolutionary extremists made their club headquarters there October 1789 and supported Robespierre during the Terror. It was suppressed in November 1794. In English, used generically of radicals and allegedly radical reformers since 1793. Related: Jacobinism.
Jacquard: 1841, from Joseph Marie Jacquard (1752-1834) of Lyons, inventor of new weaving technology c. 1800.
jacquerie (n.): 1520s, from Middle French jacquerie "peasants or villeins collectively," from Jacques, the proper name, which is used as Jack is used in English, in the sense of "any common fellow." So, also, "the rising of the northern French peasants against the nobles, 1357-8," from a French usage. Etymologically, Jacques is from Late Latin Iacobus (see Jacob).
Jacuzzi (n.): 1966, U.S. proprietary name, from Jacuzzi Bros., Inc., Little Rock, Arkansas.
jade (n.1): ornamental stone, 1721, earlier iada (1590s), from French le jade, error for earlier l'ejade, from Spanish piedra de (la) ijada (1560s), "stone of colic, pain in the side" (jade was thought to cure this), from Vulgar Latin *iliata, from Latin ilia (plural) "flanks, kidney area" (see ileum).
jade (n.2): "worn-out horse," late 14c., "cart horse," of uncertain origin. Barnhart suggests a variant of yaid, yald "whore," literally "mare," from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse jalda "mare," from Finno-Ugric (compare Mordvin al'd'a "mare"). But OED finds the assumption of a Scandinavian connection "without reason." As a term of abuse for a woman, it dates from 1550s.
jade (v.): "to weary, tire out, make dull," c. 1600, from jade (n.2). Related: Jaded; jading.
jaded (adj.): "bored by continual indulgence," 1630s; past participle adjective from jade (v.).
jag (n.1): "period of unrestrained activity," 1887, American English, perhaps via intermediate sense of "as much drink as a man can hold" (1670s), from earlier meaning "load of hay or wood" (1590s), of unknown origin. Used in U.S. colloquial speech from 1834 to mean "a quantity, a lot."
jag (n.2): "slash or rend in a garment," c. 1400, of unknown origin.
jager (n.): "German sharpshooter," 1776, from German jäger, literally "huntsman," from jagen "to hunt," from Old High German jagon, related to Old Frisian jagia, Dutch jagen "to hunt," Old Norse jaga "to drive, to move to and fro" (see yacht). Applied to riflemen and sharpshooters in the German and Austrian armies. Englished as yager, yaeger from 1804.
jagged (adj.): mid-15c., from verb jaggen (c. 1400) "to pierce, slash, cut; to notch or nick; cut or tear unevenly," Scottish and northern English, of unknown origin. Originally of garments with regular "toothed" edges; meaning "with the edge irregularly cut" is from 1570s. Related: Jaggedly; jaggedness.
jaguar (n.): big cat of the Americas (Felis onca), c. 1600, from Portuguese jaguar, from Tupi jaguara, said to be a name "denoting any larger beast of prey" [Klein]. Also a type of British-made car; in this sense the abbreviation Jag is attested from 1959.
Jah (n.): 1530s, a form of Hebrew Yah, short for Yahweh "Jehovah." Used in some English bibles. Cognate with the second element in hallelujah and in Elijah.
jai alai (n.): 1902, American English, originally in a Cuban context, from Basque, from jai "celebration" + alai "merry."