- acclivity (n.)
[acclivity 词源字典] - 1610s, from Latin acclivitatem (nominative acclivitas) "an ascending direction, an upward steepness," from acclivis "mounting upwards, ascending," from ad- "up" (see ad-) + clivus "hill, a slope," from PIE *klei-wo-, suffixed form of *klei- "to lean" (see lean (v.)).[acclivity etymology, acclivity origin, 英语词源]
- anadromous (adj.)
- of fish, "ascending a river to spawn" (as salmon do), 1753, from Latinized form of Greek anadromos "running upward," from ana "up, back" (see ana-) + dramein "to run" (see dromedary).
- ascend (v.)
- late 14c., from Latin ascendere "to climb up, mount, ascend," figuratively "to rise, reach," from ad- "to" (see ad-) + scandere "to climb" (see scan (v.)). Also in 15c. used with a sense "to mount (a female) for copulation." Related: Ascended; ascending. An Old English word for it was stigan.
- ascendance (n.)
- 1742, from ascend + -ance. Properly "the act of ascending," but used from the start in English as a synonym of ascendancy.
- ascension (n.)
- c. 1300, "ascent of Christ into Heaven on the 40th day after the Resurrection," from Latin ascensionem (nominative ascensio) "a rising," noun of action from past participle stem of ascendere "to mount, ascend, go up" (see ascend). Astronomical sense is recorded late 14c.; meaning "action of ascending" is from 1590s. Related: Ascensional.
- ascent (n.)
- c. 1610, "action of ascending," from ascend on model of descend/descent; "climbing" sense is from 1753.
- smart (adj.)
- late Old English smeart "painful, severe, stinging; causing a sharp pain," related to smeortan (see smart (v.)). Meaning "executed with force and vigor" is from c. 1300. Meaning "quick, active, clever" is attested from c. 1300, from the notion of "cutting" wit, words, etc., or else "keen in bargaining." Meaning "trim in attire" first attested 1718, "ascending from the kitchen to the drawing-room c. 1880" [Weekley]. For sense evolution, compare sharp (adj.).
In reference to devices, the sense of "behaving as though guided by intelligence" (as in smart bomb) first attested 1972. Smarts "good sense, intelligence," is first recorded 1968. Smart cookie is from 1948. - upcoming (adj.)
- 1848, "rising;" 1949, "forthcoming," from up (adv.) + coming (see come (v.)). It was a noun in Middle English, meaning "action of ascending" (mid-14c.), also "attack, onslaught" (c. 1300).
- acclivous
- "Rising with a slope; sloping (especially steeply) upward, ascending", Mid 18th cent.; earliest use found in Nathan Bailey (d. 1742), lexicographer and schoolmaster. From classical Latin acclīvus acclive + -ous. Compare earlier acclive, acclivity.
