- dishevelled
[dishevelled 词源字典] - dishevelled: [15] Semantically, dishevelled ‘with untidy hair’ and unkempt ‘with uncombed hair’ are closely parallel formations. Dishevelled originated as an adaptation of deschevele, the past participle of Old French descheveler ‘disarrange the hair’. This was a compound verb formed from the prefix dis- ‘apart’ and chevel ‘hair’, a descendant of Latin capillus ‘hair’ (from which English got capillary [17]).
In Middle English its meaning was extended to ‘without a head-dress’, and even to ‘undressed’, but its modern metaphorical application is the more general ‘untidy’. (The verb dishevel was a late 16th-century back-formation from dishevelled.)
=> capillary[dishevelled etymology, dishevelled origin, 英语词源] - derange (v.)
- 1776, "throw into confusion," from French déranger, from Old French desrengier "disarrange, throw into disorder," from des- "do the opposite of" (see dis-) + Old French rengier (Modern French ranger) "to put into line," from reng "line, row," from a Germanic source (see rank (n.)). Mental sense first recorded c. 1790.
- dishevel (v.)
- originally an adjective, "bare-headed," late 14c., variant (with muted final -e) of dishevely, from Old French deschevele "bare-headed, with shaven head," past participle adjective from descheveler "to disarrange the hair," from des- "apart" (see dis-) + chevel "hair," from Latin capillus "hair" (see capillary). Of the hair, "dissheveled," mid-15c. OED says use as a verb is chiefly a back-formation from disheveled.
- ruffle (v.)
- early 14c., "to disturb the smoothness of," perhaps from Old Norse hrufla "to scratch," or Low German ruffelen "to wrinkle, curl," both of unknown origin. Meaning "disarrange" (hair or feathers) first recorded late 15c.; sense of "annoy, distract" is from 1650s. Related: Ruffled; ruffling.
- misarrange
- "To arrange badly or incorrectly; to put in the wrong place. Chiefly in pa. pple. Compare disarrange", Early 19th cent.; earliest use found in Walter Scott (1771–1832), poet and novelist. From mis- + arrange.
