- Manes (pl.)[Manes 词源字典]
- "Gods of the Lower World," in Roman religion, from Latin manes "departed spirit, ghost, shade of the dead, deified spirits of the underworld," usually said to be from Latin manus "good," thus properly "the good gods," a euphemistic word, but Tucker suggests a possible connection instead to macer, thus "the thin or unsubstantial ones."[Manes etymology, Manes origin, 英语词源]