- extrinsic (adj.)
[extrinsic 词源字典] - "not of the essence or inner nature of a thing," 1540s, from French extrinsèque, from Late Latin extrinsecus (adj.) "outer," from Latin extrinsecus (adv.) "outwardly, on the outside; from without, from abroad," from exter "outside" + in, suffix of locality, + secus "beside, alongside," originally "following," from PIE *sekw-os "following," from root *sekw- (1) "to follow" (see sequel).[extrinsic etymology, extrinsic origin, 英语词源]
- outward (adj.)
- Old English utweard "toward the outside, external" (of an enclosure, surface, etc.), earlier utanweard, from ute, utan "outside" (from ut; see out) + -weard (see -ward). Of persons, in reference to the external appearance (usually opposed to inner feelings), it is attested from c. 1500. Also as an adverb in Old English (utaword). Outward-bound "directed on a course out from home port" is first recorded c. 1600; with capital initials, it refers to a sea school founded in 1941. Related: Outwardly; outwardness.
- homocercal
- "(Of a fish’s tail) appearing outwardly symmetrical but with the backbone passing into the upper lobe, as in all higher fish", Mid 19th century: from homo- 'same' + Greek kerkos 'tail' + -al.
