- belfry
[belfry 词源字典] - belfry: [13] Etymologically, belfry has nothing to do with bells; it was a chance similarity between the two words that led to belfry being used from the 15th century onwards for ‘bell-tower’. The original English form was berfrey, and it meant ‘movable seige-tower’. It came from Old French berfrei, which in turn was borrowed from a hypothetical Frankish *bergfrith, a compound whose two elements mean respectively ‘protect’ (English gets bargain, borough, borrow, and bury from the same root) and ‘peace, shelter’ (hence German friede ‘peace’); the underlying sense of the word is thus the rather tautological ‘protective shelter’.
A tendency to break down the symmetry between the two rs in the word led in the 15th century to the formation of belfrey in both English and French (l is phonetically close to r), and at around the same time we find the first reference to it meaning ‘bell-tower’, in Promptorium parvulorum 1440, an early English-Latin dictionary: ‘Bellfray, campanarium’.
=> affray, bargain, borrow, borough, bury, neighbour[belfry etymology, belfry origin, 英语词源] - pannier
- pannier: [13] Etymologically, a pannier is something for carrying ‘bread’ in. It comes via Old French pannier from Latin pānārium ‘breadbasket’, a derivative of pānis ‘bread’. This originally meant simply ‘food’ (it came from the same ultimate source as Latin pābulum ‘food’, borrowed into English in the 17th century, and English food); ‘bread’ was a secondary development. It is the ancestor of the modern Romance words for ‘bread’ (French pain, Italian pane, Spanish pan, etc), and also gave English pantry.
=> pantry - pannier (n.)
- late 13c., "large basket for provisions," from Old French panier "basket," from Latin panarium "bread basket," from panis "bread" (see food).
