- depressant (n.)
[depressant 词源字典] - "sedative," 1876 as a noun, 1887 as an adjective; see depress + -ant.[depressant etymology, depressant origin, 英语词源]
- depression (n.)
- late 14c. as a term in astronomy, from Old French depression (14c.) or directly from Latin depressionem (nominative depressio), noun of action from past participle stem of deprimere "to press down, depress" (see depress).
Attested from 1650s in the literal sense; meaning "dejection, depression of spirits" is from early 15c. (as a clinical term in psychology, from 1905); meteorological sense is from 1881 (in reference to barometric pressure); meaning "a lowering or reduction in economic activity" was in use by 1826; given a specific application (with capital D-) by 1934 to the one that began worldwide in 1929. For "melancholy, depression" an Old English word was grevoushede. - depressive (adj.)
- 1610s, from Latin depress-, past participle stem of deprimere (see depress) + -ive. In psychology, from 1905.
- deprivation (n.)
- mid-15c., "removal from office or position," from Medieval Latin deprivationem (nominative deprivatio), noun of action from past participle stem of deprivare (see deprive).
- deprive (v.)
- mid-14c., from Old French depriver, from Medieval Latin deprivare, from Latin de- "entirely" (see de-) + privare "release from" (see private). Replaced Old English bedælan. Related: Deprived; depriving.
- deprived (adj.)
- 1550s, "dispossessed," past participle adjective from deprive. As a euphemism for the condition of children who lack a stable home life, by 1945.
- deprogram (v.)
- "release from cult brainwashing," 1973, from de- + program (v.). Related: Deprogrammed; deprogramming.
- dept.
- abbreviation of department, attested from 1869.
- depth (n.)
- late 14c., apparently formed in Middle English on model of length, breadth; from Old English deop "deep" (see deep) + -th (2). Replaced older deopnes "deepness." Though the English word is relatively recent, the formation is in Proto-Germanic, *deupitho-, and corresponds to Old Saxon diupitha, Dutch diepte, Old Norse dypð, Gothic diupiþa.
- deputation (n.)
- late 14c., noun of action from depute (v.).
- depute (v.)
- mid-14c., "to appoint, assign," from Middle French deputer, from Late Latin deputare "destine, allot" (see deputy). Related: Deputed; deputing.
- deputize (v.)
- 1730s; see deputy + -ize. Related: Deputized; deputizing.
- deputy (n.)
- c. 1400, "one given the full power of an officer without holding the office," from Anglo-French deputé, noun use of past participle of Middle French députer "appoint, assign" (14c.), from Late Latin deputare "to destine, allot," in classical Latin "to esteem, consider, consider as," literally "to cut off, prune," from de- "away" (see de-) + putare "to think, count, consider," literally "to cut, prune" (see pave).
- deracinate (n.)
- 1590s, "to pluck up by the roots," from French déraciner, from Old French desraciner "uproot, dig out, pull up by the roots," from des- (see dis-) + racine "root," from Late Latin radicina, diminutive of Latin radix (see radish). Related: Deracinated.
- derail (v.)
- 1850, in both transitive and intransitive senses, from French dérailler "to go off the rails," from de- (see de-) + railler (see rail (n.1)). In general use first in U.S. Related: Derailed; derailing.
- derailleur (n.)
- type of bicycle gear mechanism, 1930, from French dérailleur (1927), from dérailler "to go off the rails" (see derail).
- derailment (n.)
- 1850, from French déraillement, from dérailler "to go off the rails" (see derail).
- derange (v.)
- 1776, "throw into confusion," from French déranger, from Old French desrengier "disarrange, throw into disorder," from des- "do the opposite of" (see dis-) + Old French rengier (Modern French ranger) "to put into line," from reng "line, row," from a Germanic source (see rank (n.)). Mental sense first recorded c. 1790.
- deranged (adj.)
- c. 1790, "insane;" of things, "out of order," from 1796; past participle adjective from derange (v.).
- derangement (n.)
- 1737, "disturbance of regular order," from French dérangement (17c.), from déranger (see derange). Of mental order, from 1800.
