- discernment (n.)
[discernment 词源字典] - 1580s; see discern + -ment.[discernment etymology, discernment origin, 英语词源]
- discharge (v.)
- early 14c., "to exempt, exonerate, release," from Old French deschargier (12c., Modern French décharger) "to unload, discharge," from Late Latin discarricare, from dis- "do the opposite of" (see dis-) + carricare "load" (see charge (v.)).
Meaning "to unload, to free from" is late 14c. Of weapons, from 1550s. The electrical sense is first attested 1748. Meaning "to fulfill, to perform one's duties" is from c. 1400. Related: Discharged; discharging. - discharge (n.)
- late 14c., "relief from misfortune," see discharge (v.). Meaning "release from work or duty" is from early 15c.
- dischargeable (adj.)
- mid-15c., from discharge (v.) + -able.
- disciple (n.)
- Old English discipul (fem. discipula), Biblical borrowing from Latin discipulus "pupil, student, follower," said to be from discere "to learn" [OED, Watkins], from a reduplicated form of PIE root *dek- "to take, accept" (see decent). But according to Barnhart and Klein, from a lost compound *discipere "to grasp intellectually, analyze thoroughly," from dis- "apart" (see dis-) + capere "to take, take hold of" (see capable). Compare Latin capulus "handle" from capere. Sometimes glossed in Old English by þegn (see thane).
- discipleship (n.)
- 1540s, from disciple + -ship.
- disciplinable (adj.)
- mid-15c., from discipline + -able.
- disciplinarian (n.)
- "one who enforces order," 1630s, see discipline; earlier used of Puritans who wanted to establish the Presbyterian "discipline" in England (1580s). Meaning "advocate of greater discipline" is from 1746.
- disciplinary (adj.)
- 1590s, from Medieval Latin disciplinarius, from Latin disciplina (see discipline (n.)).
- discipline (n.)
- early 13c., "penitential chastisement; punishment," from Old French descepline (11c.) "discipline, physical punishment; teaching; suffering; martyrdom," and directly from Latin disciplina "instruction given, teaching, learning, knowledge," also "object of instruction, knowledge, science, military discipline," from discipulus (see disciple (n.)).
Sense of "treatment that corrects or punishes" is from notion of "order necessary for instruction." The Latin word is glossed in Old English by þeodscipe.
Meaning "branch of instruction or education" is first recorded late 14c. Meaning "military training" is from late 15c.; that of "orderly conduct as a result of training" is from c. 1500. - discipline (v.)
- c. 1300; see discipline (n.). Related: Disciplined; disciplines; disciplining.
- disclaim (v.)
- c. 1400, from Anglo-French disclaimer, Old French desclamer "disclaim, disavow," from des- (see dis-) + clamer "to call, cry out, claim" (see claim (v.)). Related: Disclaimed; disclaiming.
- disclaimer (n.)
- "denial of a claim," mid-15c., from Anglo-French disclaimer "disavowal, denial;" see disclaim. Infinitive used as a noun in Old French. Compare waiver, etc.
- disclose (v.)
- late 14c., from Old French desclos "open, exposed, plain, explicit," past participle of desclore (Modern French déclore) "open, break open, unlock, reveal," from des- (see dis-) + clore "to close" (see close (v.)). Related: Disclosed; disclosing.
- disclosure (n.)
- 1590s; see disclose + -ure. Formed in English, perhaps on model of closure.
- disco (n.)
- 1964, American English shortening of discotheque; sense extended by 1972 to the kind of music played there.
- discobolus (n.)
- "discus thrower," from Latin, from Greek discobolos, from diskos "quoit, discus" (see disk (n.)) + -bolos "thrower," related to ballein "to throw" (see ballistics).
- discography (n.)
- 1933; see disc + -graphy.
- discolor (v.)
- late 14c., from Old French descolorer, from des- (see dis-) + colorer "to color," from Latin colorare (see coloration). Related: Discolored; discoloring.
- discoloration (n.)
- 1640s, noun of action from discolorate (early 15c.), from past participle stem of Medieval Latin discolorare (see discolor) + -ation.
