英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

disfigure (v.)[disfigure 词源字典]: late 14c., from Old French desfigurer "disfigure, alter, disguise, destroy," from Medieval Latin diffigurare, from Latin dis- (see dis-) + figura "figure," from figurare "to figure" (see figure (n.)). Related: Disfigured; disfiguring.[disfigure etymology, disfigure origin, 英语词源]
disfigurement (n.): 1630s, from disfigure + -ment.
disfunction (n.): 1927, variant of dysfunction (q.v.).
disfunctional (adj.): 1951, variant of dysfunctional.
disgorge (v.): late 15c., from Old French desgorgier "to disgorge, pour out," from des- (see dis-) + gorge "throat" (see gorge). Related: Disgorged; disgorging; disgorgement.
disgrace (v.): 1550s, "disfigure," from Middle French disgracier (16c.), from Italian disgraziare, from disgrazia "misfortune, deformity," from dis- "opposite of" (see dis-) + grazia "grace" (see grace). Meaning "bring shame upon" is from 1590s. Related: Disgraced; disgracing. The noun is 1580s, from Middle French disgrace (16c.).
disgraceful (adj.): 1590s, "graceless," opposite of graceful; see dis- + graceful. Meaning "full of disgrace" (1590s) is from disgrace + -ful. Related: Disgracefully.
disgruntle (v.): 1680s, from dis- "entirely, very" + obsolete gruntle "to grumble" (Middle English gruntelen, early 15c.), frequentative of grunt (v.).
disgruntled (adj.): past participle adjective from disgruntle.
disguise (v.): c. 1300, from Old French desguiser (11c.) "disguise, change one's appearance," from des- "away, off" (see dis-) + guise "style, appearance" (see guise). Originally primarily "to put out of one's usual manner" (of dress, etc.). Oldest sense preserved in phrase disguised with liquor (1560s).
It is most absurdly said, in popular language, of any man, that he is disguised in liquor; for, on the contrary, most men are disguised by sobriety. [Thomas de Quincy, "Confessions of an English Opium-Eater," 1856]
Related: Disguised; disguising.
disguise (n.): c. 1400, "strange style of dress" (especially one meant to deceive), from disguise (v.).
disgust (n.): 1590s, from Middle French desgoust "strong dislike, repugnance," literally "distaste" (16c., Modern French dégoût), from desgouster "have a distaste for," from des- "opposite of" (see dis-) + gouster "taste," from Latin gustare "to taste" (see gusto).
disgust (v.): c. 1600, from Middle French desgouster "have a distaste for" (see disgust (n.)). Sense has strengthened over time, and subject and object have been reversed; the older use looks like this: "It is not very palatable, which makes some disgust it" (1660s). The reverse sense of "to excite nausea" is attested from 1640s. Related: Disgusted; disgusting.
dish (n.): Old English disc "plate, bowl, platter," from Latin discus "dish, platter, quoit," from Greek diskos "disk, platter" (see disk (n.)). A common West Germanic borrowing; Old High German borrowed the word as tisc "plate," but German tisch now means "table," in common with other later Romanic forms (such as Italian desco, French dais). Meaning "particular variety of food served" is first recorded mid-15c. Meaning "what one likes" is c. 1900; that of "attractive woman" is 1920s. Meaning "concave reflector or antenna" attested from 1948.
dish (v.): "to serve food," late 14c., from dish (n.). Meaning "to disparage, denigrate" first recorded 1940s; probably from the same notion in figurative dish it out "administer punishment" (1934). Related: Dished; dishing.
dishabille (n.): 1670s, from French déshabillé (17c.), noun use of past participle of déshabiller "to undress" (oneself), from des- (see dis-) + habiller "to dress," originally "prepare, arrange" (see habit).
disharmony (n.): c. 1600; see dis- + harmony.
dishcloth (n.): also dish-cloth, 1828, from dish (n.) + cloth. It relegated earlier dish-clout (1520s) to dialect.
dishearten (v.): 1590s (first recorded in "Henry V"), from dis- "the opposite of" + hearten. Related: Disheartened; disheartening.
dishevel (v.): originally an adjective, "bare-headed," late 14c., variant (with muted final -e) of dishevely, from Old French deschevele "bare-headed, with shaven head," past participle adjective from descheveler "to disarrange the hair," from des- "apart" (see dis-) + chevel "hair," from Latin capillus "hair" (see capillary). Of the hair, "dissheveled," mid-15c. OED says use as a verb is chiefly a back-formation from disheveled.