英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

nasty (adj.)[nasty 词源字典]: c. 1400, "foul, filthy, dirty, unclean," of unknown origin; perhaps [Barnhart] from Old French nastre "miserly, envious, malicious, spiteful," shortened form of villenastre "infamous, bad," from vilein "villain" + -astre, pejorative suffix, from Latin -aster.

Alternative etymology [OED] is from Dutch nestig "dirty," literally "like a bird's nest." Likely reinforced in either case by a Scandinavian source (compare Swedish dialectal naskug "dirty, nasty"), which also might be the source of the Middle English word. Of weather, from 1630s; of things generally, "unpleasant, offensive," from 1705. Of people, "ill-tempered," from 1825. Noun meaning "something nasty" is from 1935. Related: Nastily; nastiness.[nasty etymology, nasty origin, 英语词源]
natal (adj.): late 14c., "of or pertaining to birthdays," from Latin natalis "pertaining to birth or origin," from natus, past participle of nasci "to be born" (Old Latin gnasci; see genus).
Natalie: fem. proper name, from French Natalie, from Church Latin Natalia, from Latin (dies) natalis "birthday," in Church Latin, "Christmas Day," so probably originally a name for one born on Christmas.
natality (n.): late 15c., "birth," from natal + -ity. Sense of "birth rate" is from 1884, from French natalité, used in the same sense.
natant (adj.): 1707, from Latin natantem, present participle of natare "to swim," frequentative of nare "to swim" (see natatorium).
Natasha: fem. proper name, from Russian pet form of Natalya (see Natalie).
natation (n.): 1650s, from Latin natationem (nominative natatio), noun of action from past participle stem of natare "to swim" (see natant).
natatorial (adj.): 1816, from natatory (adj.), from Latin natatorius, from natator "swimmer" (see natatorium) + -al.
natatorium (n.): 1890, New Englandish word for "swimming pool," from Latin natator "swimmer" (from nare "to swim") + -ium, neuter suffix. Latin nare is from PIE root *sna- "to swim" (cognates: Sanskrit snati "bathes;" Avestan snayeite "washes, cleans;" Armenian nay "wet, liquid," Greek notios "wet, damp," nekhein "to swim;" Middle Irish snaim "I swim," snam "a swimming"). Middle English had natatorie "a pool, bath," early 14c., from Latin.
natch: colloquial shortening of naturally, jive talk, first recorded 1945.
Natchez: Indian people of the lower Mississippi valley, of unknown origin.
Nathan: masc. proper name, biblical prophet, from Hebrew Nathan, literally "he has given," from verb nathan, related to mattan "gift."
Nathaniel: masc. proper name, from Late Latin Nathanael, from Greek Nathanael, from Hebrew Nethan'el, literally "God has given" (see Nathan).
nation (n.): c. 1300, from Old French nacion "birth, rank; descendants, relatives; country, homeland" (12c.) and directly from Latin nationem (nominative natio) "birth, origin; breed, stock, kind, species; race of people, tribe," literally "that which has been born," from natus, past participle of nasci "be born" (Old Latin gnasci; see genus). Political sense has gradually predominated, but earliest English examples inclined toward the racial meaning "large group of people with common ancestry." Older sense preserved in application to North American Indian peoples (1640s). Nation-building first attested 1907 (implied in nation-builder).
national (adj.): 1590s, from Middle French national (from Old French nation), and also from nation + -al (1). As a noun, "citizen of a (particular) nation," from 1887. National anthem first recorded 1819, in Shelley. Related: Nationally.
nationalism (n.): 1844, "devotion to one's country;" see nationalist + -ism; in some usages from French nationalisme. Earlier it was used in a theological sense of "the doctrine of divine election of nations" (1836). Later it was used in a sense of "doctrine advocating nationalization of a country's industry" (1892).
nationalist (n.): "one devoted to his nation," 1715, from national in a now obsolete sense of "patriotic" (1711) + -ist. Related: Nationalistic; nationalistically.
nationality (n.): 1690s, "national quality," from national + -ity (in some usages perhaps from French nationalité. As "fact of belonging to or being a citizen of a particular state," from 1828, gradually shading into "race, ethnicity." Meaning "separate existence as a nation" is recorded from 1832. Related: Nationalities.
But I do love a country that loves itself. I love a country that insists on its own nationality which is the same thing as a person's insisting on his own personality. [Robert Frost, letter, April 21, 1919]
nationalization (n.): 1801, "act of rendering national in character," from nationalize + -ation. Meaning "act of bringing (property) under control of the national government" is from 1874.
nationalize (v.): 1800, "invest with a national character," from national + -ize. Meaning "bring under state control" is from 1869. Related: Nationalized; nationalizing.