- sedate (v.)[sedate 词源字典]
- "treat with sedatives," 1945, a back-formation from the noun derivative of sedative (adj.). The word also existed 17c. in a sense "make calm or quiet." Related: Sedated; sedating.[sedate etymology, sedate origin, 英语词源]
- sedate (adj.)
- "calm, quiet," 1660s, from Latin sedatus "composed, moderate, quiet, tranquil," past participle of sedare "to settle, calm," causative of sedere "to sit" (see sedentary). Related: Sedately.
- sedation (n.)
- early 15c., "alleviation of pain;" 1540s, "act of making calm," from Middle French sédation and directly from Latin sedationem (nominative sedatio) "a quieting, assuaging, a calming," noun of action from past participle stem of sedare (see sedate (adj.)).
- sedative (adj.)
- "tending to calm or soothe," early 15c., from Medieval Latin sedativus "calming, allaying," from sedat-, past participle stem of sedare, causative of sedere "to sit" (see sedentary). The noun derivative meaning "a sedative drug" is attested from 1785. Hence, "whatever soothes or allays."
- sedentary (adj.)
- 1590s, "remaining in one place," from Middle French sédentaire (16c.) and directly from Latin sedentarius "sitting, remaining in one place," from sedentem (nominative sedens), present participle of sedere "to sit; occupy an official seat, preside; sit still, remain; be fixed or settled," from PIE root *sed- (1) "to sit" (cognates: Sanskrit a-sadat "sat down," sidati "sits;" Old Persian hadis "abode;" Greek ezesthai "to sit," hedra "seat, chair, face of a geometric solid;" Old Irish suide "seat, sitting;" Welsh sedd "seat," eistedd "sitting;" Old Church Slavonic sežda, sedeti "to sit;" Lithuanian sedmi "to sit;" Russian sad "garden," Lithuanian soditi "to plant;" Gothic sitan, Old English sittan "to sit;" see sit). Of persons, the sense "not in the habit of exercise" is recorded from 1660s.
- Seder (n.)
- home service on the first nights of Passover, 1865, from Hebrew sedher "order, procedure," related to sedherah "row, rank."
- sederunt (n.)
- "sitting, session," Latin, literally "they sat" (typical opening word in recordings of such proceedings), third person plural past tense of sedere "to sit" (see sedentary).
- sedge (n.)
- "coarse grass-like plant growing in wet places," Old English secg "sedge, reed, rush," from Proto-Germanic *sagjoz (cognates: Low German segge, German Segge), probably from PIE root *sek- "to cut" (see section (n.) and compare Old English secg, identical in form but meaning "sword;" and German schwertel-gras "sedge" from schwert "sword"), on notion of plant with "cutting" leaves (compare etymological sense of gladiolus). Old Irish seisg, Welsh hesgreed "rush" might represent a similar sense development from the same root. Often spelled seg, segg until present form triumphed early 1900s.
- sediment (n.)
- 1540s, "matter which settles at the bottom of water or other liquid," from Middle French sédiment (16c.) and directly from Latin sedimentum "a settling, sinking down," from stem of sedere "to settle, sit" (see sedentary).
- sedimentary (adj.)
- 1764, from sediment + -ary. Sedimentary rock attested by 1830 (in Lyell). Sedimental (adj.) is recorded from c. 1600.
- sedimentation (n.)
- 1845, from sediment + -ation.
- sedition (n.)
- mid-14c., "rebellion, uprising, revolt, concerted attempt to overthrow civil authority; violent strife between factions, civil or religious disorder, riot; rebelliousness against authority," from Old French sedicion (14c., Modern French sédition) and directly from Latin seditionem (nominative seditio) "civil disorder, dissention, strife; rebellion, mutiny," literally "a going apart, separation," from se- "apart" (see secret) + itio "a going," from past participle of ire "to go" (see ion).
Meaning "conduct or language inciting to rebellion against a lawful government" is from 1838. An Old English word for it was folcslite. Less serious than treason, as wanting an overt act, "But it is not essential to the offense of sedition that it threaten the very existence of the state or its authority in its entire extent" [Century Dictionary]. - seditious (adj.)
- mid-15c., from Middle French seditieux, from Latin seditiosus "full of discord, factious, mutinous," from seditio (see sedition). Related: Seditiously; seditiousness.
- seduce (v.)
- 1520s, "to persuade a vassal, etc., to desert his allegiance or service," from Latin seducere "lead away, lead astray," from se- "aside, away" (see secret (n.)) + ducere "to lead" (see duke (n.)). Sexual sense, now the prevailing one, is attested from 1550s and apparently was not in Latin. Originally "entice (a woman) to a surrender of chastity." Related: Seduced; seducing.
Replaced Middle English seduisen (late 15c.), from Middle French séduire "seduce," from Old French suduire "to corrupt, seduce," from Latin subducere "draw away, withdraw, remove" (see subduce). - seductible (adj.)
- 1620s, from seduct-, past participle stem of Latin seducere (see seduce) + -ible. Related: Seductibly; seductibility.
- seduction (n.)
- 1520s, from Middle French séduction, from Latin seductionem (nominative seductio), noun of action from past participle stem of seducere (see seduce). Originally with reference to actions or beliefs; sexual sense is from 1769, originally always with women as the objects. Earlier appearance of the word in Middle English with a sense "treason, treachery" probably is a confusion with sedition, which confusion also is found in Old French seducion "treason, betrayal."
- seductive (adj.)
- 1740, from Latin seduct-, past participle stem of seducere (see seduce) + -ive. Related: Seductively; seductiveness. Middle English had seducious "deceitful, devious" (mid-15c.).
- seductress (n.)
- 1803, "female seducer," with -ess + obsolete seductor (late 15c., displaced by seducer), from a direct borrowing of the Latin agent noun of seducere (see seduce).
- sedulity (n.)
- 1540s, from Latin sedulitas "assiduity, application," noun of quality from sedulus (see sedulous).
- sedulous (adj.)
- 1530s, from Latin sedulus "attentive, painstaking, diligent, busy, zealous," probably from sedulo (adv.) "sincerely, diligently," from sedolo "without deception or guile," from se- "without, apart" (see secret) + dolo, ablative of dolus "deception, guile," cognate with Greek dolos "ruse, snare." Related: Sedulously; sedulousness.