英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

reprise (n.)[reprise 词源字典]: early 15c., from Old French repris, past participle of reprendre (see reprise (v.)).[reprise etymology, reprise origin, 英语词源]
repro: 1946 as a shortening of reproduction.
reproach (n.): mid-14c., "a rebuke, blame, censure;" also "object of scorn or contempt;" c. 1400, as "disgrace, state of disgrace," from Old French reproche "blame, shame, disgrace" (12c.), from reprochier "to blame, bring up against," said by some French etymologists to be from Vulgar Latin *repropiare, from Latin re- "opposite of" + prope "near" (see propinquity), with suggestions of "bring near to" as in modern "get in (someone's) face." But others would have it from *reprobicare, from Latin reprobus/reprobare (see reprobate (adj.)).
reproach (v.): mid-14c., reprochen "to rebuke, reproach," from Anglo-French repruchier, Old French reprochier "upbraid, blame, accuse, speak ill of," from reproche (see reproach (n.)). Related: Reproached; reproaching.
reproachful (adj.): 1540s, "expressing reproach," also "worthy of reproach," from reproach + -ful. Related: Reproachfully; reproachfulness.
reprobate (adj.): early 15c., "rejected as worthless," from Late Latin reprobatus, past participle of reprobare "disapprove, reject, condemn," from Latin re- "opposite of, reversal of previous condition" (see re-) + probare "prove to be worthy" (see probate (n.)). Earliest form of the word in English was a verb, meaning "to disapprove" (early 15c.).
reprobate (n.): 1540s, "one rejected by God," from reprobate (adj.). Sense of "abandoned or unprincipled person" is from 1590s.
reprobation (n.): c. 1400, from Late Latin reprobationem (nominative reprobatio), noun of action from past participle stem of reprobare (see reprobate (adj.)).
reprocess (v.): 1939, from re- "back, again" + process (v.). Related: Reprocessed; reprocessing.
reproduce (v.): 1610s, "to produce again," from re- "again" + produce (v.), probably on model of French reproduire (16c.). Sense of "make a copy" is first recorded 1850; that of "produce offspring" is from 1894. Related: Reproduced; reproducing.
reproduceable (adj.): 1825, from reproduce + -able. Alternative form reproductable attested from 1834.
reproductible (adj.): 1834; see reproduction + -able.
reproduction (n.): 1650s, "act of forming again," noun of action from reproduce. Of generation of living things, from 1782; of sounds, from 1908. Meaning "a copy" is from 1807.
reproductive (adj.): 1753; see reproduce + -ive. In U.S., reproductive rights attested from 1970.
reprogram (v.): also reprogramme, 1945, from re- "back, again" + program (v.). Related: Reprogrammed; reprogramming.
reproof (n.): mid-14c., "a shame, a disgrace," also "a censure, a rebuke," from Old French reprove "reproach, rejection," verbal noun from reprover "to blame, accuse" (see reprove).
reprove (v.): c. 1300, from Old French reprover "accuse, blame" (12c.), from Late Latin reprobare "disapprove, reject, condemn" (see reprobate). Related: Reproved; reproving.
reptile (n.): late 14c., "creeping or crawling animal," from Old French reptile (early 14c.) and directly from Late Latin reptile, noun use of neuter of reptilis (adj.) "creping, crawling," from rept-, past participle stem of repere "to crawl, creep," from PIE root *rep- "to creep, crawl" (cognates: Lithuanian replioju "to creep"). Used of persons of low character from 1749.

Precise scientific use began to develop mid-18c., but the word was used as well at first of animals now known as amphibians, including toads, frogs, salamanders; separation of Reptilia (1835 as a distinct class) and Amphibia took place early 19c.; popular use lagged, and reptile still was used late 18c. with sense "An animal that creeps upon many feet" [Johnson, who calls the scorpion a reptile], sometimes excluding serpents.
And the terrestrial animals may be divided into quadrupeds or beasts, reptiles, which have many feet, and serpents, which have no feet at all. [Locke, "Elements of Natural Philosophy," 1689]

An inadvertent step may crush the snail
That crawls at ev'ning in the public path ;
But he that has humanity, forewarn'd,
Will tread aside, and let the reptile live.
[Cowper, "The Task," 1785]
The Old English word for "reptile" was slincend, related to slink.
Reptilia (n.): mid-17c., from Latin plural of reptile (see reptile).
reptilian (adj.): 1846, from reptile + -ian. Transferred meaning "malignant, cold, underhanded" is from 1859.