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reserve (n.)[reserve 词源字典]: "something stored up," 1610s, from reserve (v.) or from French réserve, a Middle French back-formation from reserver. Meaning "self-imposed restraint on freedom of words or actions; habit of keeping back the feelings" is from 1650s.[reserve etymology, reserve origin, 英语词源]
reserved (adj.): "guarded" (in manner), c. 1600, past participle adjective from reserve (v.). Of seats, tables from 1858.
reservist (n.): "soldier who belongs to the reserves," 1872, from French réserviste, from reserver (see reserve (v.)).
reservoir (n.): 1680s, "a place where something tends to collect," originally figurative, from French réservoir "storehouse," from Old French reserver "to reserve" (see reserve (n.)). Specific meaning "artificial basin to collect and store a large body of water" is from 1705.
reset (v.): also re-set, 1650s, "place (a gem) in a new setting," from re- + set (v.). Related: Resetting. Meaning "cause a device to return to a former condition" is from 1847; intransitive sense from 1897. As a noun, from 1847.
resettle (v.): 1540s (transitive), of places, from re- + settle (v.). Intransitive sense from 1821. Meaning "Bring into order again" is from 1610s. Related: Resettled; resettling.
resettlement (n.): 1630s, from resettle + -ment. In a South African context from 1954.
reshape (v.): also re-shape, 1798, from re- + shape (v.). Related: Reshaped; reshaping.
reshuffle (v.): 1816 of cards; 1890 of organizations; from re- "back, again" + shuffle (v.). Related: Reshuffled; reshuffling. As a noun from 1861.
reside (v.): late 15c., "to settle," from Middle French resider (15c.) and directly from Latin residere "sit down, settle; remain behind, rest, linger; be left," from re- "back, again" (see re-) + sedere "to sit" (see sedentary). Meaning "to dwell permanently" first attested 1570s. Related: Resided; residing. Also from the French word are Dutch resideren, German residiren.
residence (n.): late 14c., "act of dwelling; dwelling place," from Old French residence, from Medieval Latin residentia, from Latin residentem (nominative residens) "residing, dwelling," present participle of residere "reside" (see reside). Also borrowed into German (Residenz), Dutch (residentie).
residency (n.): 1570s, "residence;" see resident + -cy. Hospital sense is from 1924.
resident (n.): mid-15c., "an inhabitant, one who resides," from resident (adj.). Meaning "medical graduate in practice in a hospital as training" first attested 1892, American English.
resident (adj.): late 14c., "dwelling, residing," from Old French resident and directly from Latin residentem (nominative residens), present participle of residere "to sit down, settle" (see reside).
residential (adj.): 1650s, "serving as a residence," from resident (n.) + -ial. Meaning "having to do with housing" is from 1856.
residual (adj.): 1560s, from residue + -al (1), or from French résiduel, from Latin residuum.
residual (n.): 1550s, in mathematics, from residual (adj.) or from residue + -al (2). Residuals "royalties" attested by 1960.
residue (n.): mid-14c., from Old French residu (14c.), from Latin residuum "a remainder, that which is left behind," noun use of neuter of adjective residuus "remaining, left over," from residere "remain behind" (see reside).
resign (v.): late 14c., "give up, surrender, abandon, submit; relinquish," from Old French resigner "renounce, relinquish" (13c.), from Latin resignare "to check off, annul, cancel, give back, give up," from re- "opposite" (see re-) + signare "to make an entry in an account book," literally "to mark" (see sign (v.)).

The sense is of making an entry (signum) "opposite" -- on the credit side -- balancing the former mark and thus canceling the claim it represents. The specific meaning of "give up a position" is first recorded late 14c. Sense of "to give (oneself) up to some emotion or situation" is from 1718. Related: Resigned; resigning.
resignation (n.): late 14c., "act of resigning" (an office, etc.), from Old French resignation (14c.) and directly from Medieval Latin resignationem (nominative resignatio), noun of action from past participle stem of Latin resignare (see resign). Meaning "submission, acquiescence" is from 1640s.